Making It Stick: How Memory Aids Help EFL Students Master Confusing Words

As EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teachers, we’ve all seen it—students confusing “desert” and “dessert,” or mixing up “invent” and “invite.” These mix-ups can happen at any level. That’s why using memory aids—simple, visual, or creative tricks to remember and distinguish words—is so powerful.

Why Are Similar Words So Difficult?

English is full of words that sound alike, look alike, or have overlapping meanings. These “word twins” can be challenging for learners who are building vocabulary from scratch and aren’t yet confident with context clues. Without tools to lock in meaning, students often guess—or avoid using the words altogether.

What Are Memory Aids?

Memory aids (also known as mnemonics or memory tricks) help students anchor new vocabulary in their long-term memory by attaching meaning to something visual, logical, or even funny. These techniques make the learning process more active and personal, which in turn makes words easier to recall.

Here’s an example we used in class:

• Dessert vs. Desert✅ Dessert has two S’s – because you always want two servings of dessert! Desert has one S – almost nothing in it.

It’s quick. It’s visual. It sticks.

Making It Work for Any Age

While the attached handout was designed for high school students, the same principles can be adapted for elementary learners or even adults. The key is to:

• Use language that fits your students’ level

• Involve them in creating the memory aids

• Reinforce words in multiple contexts (e.g., games, reading, speaking)

  
  

Why It Matters

Vocabulary is the foundation of communication. When students feel unsure about similar words, they hesitate to speak and write. Memory aids give them tools to move forward, make fewer mistakes, and express themselves more clearly.

If you're looking for a meaningful way to help your students take ownership of their vocabulary, I highly recommend incorporating memory aids. They turn frustration into fun—and forgetfulness into fluency.

Memory aids.pdf

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